Emission factor register

A factor converts an activity into kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent. The value is reproduced at the publisher’s own precision. It is not rounded, because a rounded figure would disagree with the source a reader checks it against.

Vintage is the year the factor describes, not the year it was published or retrieved. A 2024 grid factor applied to 2024 consumption is correct; the same factor applied to 2022 consumption is not, and the engine records which was used on every entry.

Basis states what kind of figure it is. It describes scope, not quality:

• measured — Measured at the source
• regional — Published for this region
• national — Published for this country
• global — Applies everywhere — chemistry, not infrastructure
• proxy_eeio — Spend-based proxy — an estimate, not a measurement

Verified means the value has been read against the publisher’s own document by a person. It is a statement about our checking, and it is separate from any status the publisher gives its own figure. Malaysia’s Energy Commission labels its Grid Emission Factor (Provisional). That word belongs to the Energy Commission and appears in the citation below. It does not mean the factor is unverified here.

44 of 58 factors are verified. An unverified factor cannot reach a published report: the claim gate refuses it, and the report endpoint returns a 409.

These 14 have not been checked against a primary source. They are listed here, before the register itself, because a reader who discovers an undisclosed limitation discounts everything else on the page.

• Laptops bought — All countries, 2026. Laptop cradle-to-gate embodied emissions, industry average
• Desktop computers bought — All countries, 2026. Desktop workstation cradle-to-gate embodied emissions, industry average
• Servers bought — All countries, 2026. Rack server cradle-to-gate embodied emissions, industry average
• Phones bought — All countries, 2026. Smartphone cradle-to-gate embodied emissions, industry average
• Tablets bought — All countries, 2026. Tablet cradle-to-gate embodied emissions, industry average
• Monitors bought — All countries, 2026. Monitor cradle-to-gate embodied emissions, industry average
• Printers bought — All countries, 2026. Printer / MFD cradle-to-gate embodied emissions, industry average
• General waste — Singapore, 2026. No published SEFR figure. Value carried over pending a documented derivation.
• Cardboard and paper packaging — Singapore, 2026. Cardboard and paper packaging, spend-based environmentally-extended input-output proxy
• Plastic packaging — Singapore, 2026. Plastic packaging, spend-based environmentally-extended input-output proxy
• Mixed packaging — Singapore, 2026. Mixed packaging, spend-based environmentally-extended input-output proxy
• Cleaning and facility services — Singapore, 2026. Cleaning and facility services, spend-based environmentally-extended input-output proxy
• Professional services — Singapore, 2026. Professional and business services, spend-based environmentally-extended input-output proxy
• Other purchased goods — Singapore, 2026. General purchased goods, spend-based environmentally-extended input-output proxy

A customer can select Malaysia or Singapore. Those are the countries this service supports.

The register below also lists factors for Thailand. They are published here because they exist and can be checked, not because the country is supported. Registering the factors is the first half of supporting a country. The second half is the region model, the rules about which activities refuse to fall back on a neighbour, and a person checking each number against its publisher.

Waste, water and grid electricity model a national process rather than a chemistry. Singapore incinerates its general waste; Malaysia landfills it. Applying one country’s factor to the other produces a plausible number that is wrong by a large margin, so resolution refuses instead. The activities held to that rule: Grid electricity, Grid electricity upstream, Waste food, Waste general, Waste plastics, Waste recycled, Water supply.

The consequence is visible in the product. A Malaysian business is never asked about waste, because there is no factor that could answer it.

9 factors.

21 factors.

4 factors.

24 factors.

The value applied to an entry is snapshotted onto that entry at the moment it is saved, together with the basis and how it was resolved. A figure in a published report therefore stays reproducible after this register changes. Where the register has since moved, the report’s factor appendix says so rather than hiding it.

The method in full, including what this service does not do, is on the methodology page.